Group+4

NO CHART INCOMPLETE GRADE 3/10 **[|Tundra]** means marshy plain. The geographical distribution of the tundra biome is largely poleward of 60° North latitude. The tundra biome is characterized by an absence of trees, the presence of dwarf plants, and a ground surface that is wet, spongy, and hummocky. Soils of this biome are usually permanently frozen (**[|permafrost]**) starting at a depth of a few centimeters to meter or more. The permafrost line is a physical barrier to plant root growth. The **[|species]** [|**diversity**] of tundra vegetation is relatively small. Plant communities are usually composed of a few species of dwarf **[|shrubs]**, a few **[|grass]** species, **[|sedges]**, and **[|mosses]**. Perhaps the most characteristic arctic tundra plants are **[|lichens]** like Reindeer Moss (__Cladonia__ spp.).

The principal **[|herbivores]** in this biome include caribou, musk ox, arctic hare, voles, and lemmings. Most of the bird species of the tundra have the ability to migrate and live in warmer locations during the cold winter months. The herbivore species support a small number of **[|carnivore]** species like the arctic fox, snow owl, polar bear, and wolves. **[|Reptiles]** and **[|amphibians]** are few or completely absent because of the extremely cold temperatures.

regions south of the ice caps of the artic and extending across North America, Europe, and Siberia (high mountaintops).

Mediteranean: This area has a dry climate because of the dominance of the **[|subtropical high pressure zone]** during the fall, summer, and spring months. **[|Precipitation]** falls mainly in the winter months because of the seasonal movement of the **[|polar front]** and its associated **[|mid-latitude cyclone]** storms. Annual averages range from about 300 to 750 millimeters and most of this rain falls in a period between 2 to 4 months long. As a result of the climate, the vegetation that inhabits this biome exhibits a number of adaptations to withstand drought and fire. Trees and shrubs living in this zone tend to be small with hard evergreen leaves. Plants in the chaparral do not drop their leaves during the dry season because of the expense of replacement. The dry climate slows the rate of leaf decomposition in the soil. As a result, the plants growing in this biome do not have nutrients available for uptake to produce new leaves when the wet season begins. Instead, the plants of the chaparral develop leaves that can withstand arid condition.

[|**Chaparral**] has a very specific spatial distribution. It is found in a narrow zone between 32 and 40° latitude North and South on the west coasts of the continents.

Representative species of the chaparral include cork oak ( __Quercus__ __suber__ ), olive ( __Olea__ __europaea__ ), eucalyptus, arbutus ( __Arbutus__ __unedo__ ), acacia, maritime pine ( __Pinus__ __pinaster__ ), shrub oak ( __Quercus__ __dumosa__ ), and live oak ( __Quercus__ __agrifolia__ ). Many of the plant species have thorns to protect them from herbivore damage.

aste you information here about biomes and organize it into your group's chart.

Desert: Desert Description driest of all biomes, recieves very little rainfall. In general, the major desert biomes of the Earth are geographically found at between 25 to 40° North and South latitude, in the interiors of continents. Dominant plants include drought resistant shrubs like the Creosote Bu sh (__Larrea__ __divaricata__) and Sagebrush (__Artemisia__ __tridentata__), w ater storing **[|succulents]** like cactusand many species are short lived **[|annuals]** Desert habitats have a rich lizard and snake fauna

**Boreal Coniferous Forest** This moist-cool, transcontinental **[|coniferous]** forest, or **[|taiga]** lies largely between the 45th and 57th North latitudes. The climate of this biome is cool to cold with more precipitation than the tundra, occurring mainly in the summer because of mid-latitude cyclones.Prairie and Steppe grassland:

Prairie and Steppe Grassland: the tall grass prairie toward the east and the short grass prairie westward In central North America, in Europe and Asia, and in South America Plants: species of Bluestem, Buffalo Grass (__Buchloe__ __dactyloides__) and other grasses, Flowering **[|herbs]**, including many kinds of **[|composites]** and **[|legumes]**, are common Natural grassland ecosystems are dominated by various species of grass. Much of the prairies is now cultivated to grow crops like canola